
"Clean coal" is not an actual invention, a physical thing – it is an advertising slogan. Like "fat-free donuts" or "interest-free loans."
Several years ago, in Gillette, Wyoming, I fell into a long conversation with the vice-president of alarge American coal company about coal's public image problem. Gillette is inthe center of the Powder River Basin, the epicenter of the coal boom in America, where 60 foot seams of coal lay just below the surface.
This vice president, who did not want his name to appear in print, was deeply concerned about coal's future and expressed frustration with environmental attacks on coal, suggesting that it was all a problem of perception: "People don't like coal because it's black," he told me.
"If it were white, all our problems would be solved."
Whenever one of those slick ads for "clean coal" pops up on CNN, I think about that conversation in Gillette. The $35 million "clean coal" campaign, spearheaded by a coal industry front group called American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity (formerly known as Americans for BalancedEnergy Choices), is nothing less than a nationwide effort to paint coal white.
And to the coal industry's credit, they're doing a pretty good job."Clean coal" is touted by Republicans and Democrats alike as the solution to America's energy troubles.
The logic is simple: America has lots of coal. We are a technologically advanced society. Ergo, we can clean up coal. What's the problem?
Well, here's one: "clean coal" is not an actual invention, a physical thing – it is an advertising slogan. Like "fat-free donuts" or "interest-free loans," "clean coal" is a phrase that embodies the Bush-era faith that there is an easy answer for every hard question in America today. We can have a war in Iraq without sacrifice. We can borrow more than we can afford without worrying about how we'll pay it back. We can end our dependency on oil by powering our SUVs with ethanol made from corn. And we can keep the lights on without superheating the climate through the magic of "clean coal."
Here's another: mining and burning coal remains one of the most destructive things human beings do on this earth. It destroys mountains, poisons water, pollutes the air, and warms the atmosphere. True, if you look at it strictly from the point of view smog-producing chemicals like sulfur dioxide, new coal plants are cleaner than the old coal burners of yore. But going from four bottles of whiskey a week down to three does not make you clean and sober.
Of course, the "clean coal" campaign is not about reality – it's about perception. It's an exercise in re-branding. Madison Ave. did it for Harley Davidson motorcycles and Converse shoes. Why not Old King Coal?
It's not a difficult trick – just whip out some slick ads with upbeat music and lots of cool 21st century technology like fighter jets and computers. Run the ads long enough, and people will believe.
But the real goal of the campaign is not simply to re-brand coal as a clean and modern fuel – it's to convince energy-illiterate TV viewers that the American way of life depends on coal. The ads remind us (accurately) that half the electricity in America comes from coal, then shows images of little girls getting tucked into bed at night or Little Leaguers playing ball under the lights.
The subtext is not simply that, without the electricity from coal, the lights will go out and your family will be plunged into darkness. It's that, without coal, civilization as we know it will come to an end. As one utility industry executive asked me while I was reporting Big Coal, "Have you ever been in a blackout? Do you remember how scary it was?"
From the coal industry's point of view, this is a brilliant way to frame the argument. If the choice is, coal or chaos, they win. This framing also disarms environmental arguments – yes, it's too bad that mountaintop removal mining has destroyed or polluted 1200 miles of streams in Appalachia and that the Environmental Protection Agency projects a loss of more than 1.4 millionacres – an area the size of Delaware – by the end of the decade.
But hey, if it's a choice between losing flattening West Virginia and keeping our lights on, good-bye West Virginia!
That's a false choice, of course.
The coal industry may not want to acknowledge it, but we're living in the 21st century now. We have indeed figured out other ways to generate electricity besides burning out 30 million year old rocks. And with each passing year, those alternatives are getting cheaper and smarter.
Wind is already less expensive than coal in many parts of the country, and so is large-scale solar thermal. Google is exploring enhanced geothermal. The creaky old electricity grid will soon morph into a system that looks more like the internet, driving big gains in efficiency and allowing for real-time pricing of a kilowatt of power.
This does not that mean we can shut down coal plants tomorrow. But it does mean that coal is no longer the engine of civilized life as it has been since the industrial revolution.
Big Coal is best understood as a beast of inertia, pushed along by hundreds of billions of dollars worth of heavy metal infrastructure, and kept on track by an army of lobbyists, and our own ignorance of what goes on behind the light switch.
That may be changing.
Even seven year-olds know that the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide, is warming the planet. Coal is by farthe most carbon-intensive of fossil fuels, with roughly twice the carbon content as natural gas.
Right now in the U.S., there is no financial cost to dumping CO2 into the atmosphere. That’s likely to change during the next administration. Big Coal is fighting for loopholes and safety valves to keep CO2 costs low, because if legislation passes that actually puts a serious price on CO2, coal's reign as a "cheap" energy source is officially over.
Big Coal believes they have solution for CO2. It's called carbon capture and storage. In most scenarios, capturing and storing CO2 from coal involves building a new kind of power plant that uses heat and pressure to gasify the coal, instead of burning it. In these new plants, the CO2 can be removed, compressed into an oil-like fluid, then injected underground in abandoned gas and oil wells or deep saline aquifers.
Big Coal says that capturing and storing CO2 from these new coal plants is a slam-dunk technology -- but one that's not quite ready for prime time yet (capturing CO2 from existing combustion coal plants, while possible, is expensive and cuts the electricity output of the plant by as much as 30 percent).
Of course, Big Coal has always been better at touting new technology than actually deploying it. Yes, there are serious questions about how much it will cost to build new coal plants that can capture and store CO2, how soon will it happen, and whether or not the technology can scale up quickly enough to really make a difference. But it's not technology that's holding back CCS. It's politics. Without a price on carbon, there is little incentive to do anything serious about CO2 emissions from coal plants. Indeed, for Big Coal, the game now is not to prove that carbon capture and storage is a viable technology. It's to use the expense and complexity of it as leverage in negotiations over climate legislation.
Meanwhile, the need to reduce CO2 emissions grows more urgent every year. As NASA climatologist James Hansen has repeatedly pointed out, continuing to burn coal the old-fashioned way is a sure-fire way to melt Greenland and turn Miami into an aquarium.
In the end, the "clean coal" campaign is about using the tools of the 21st century to keep us locked in the 19th century. Like other greenwashing campaigns, it's about using the iconography of sexy technology and down-home Americana to maintain the status quo.
These campaigns always pretend to offer inspiration about we can do in America if we set our minds and hearts to it, but in fact the real message is what we can't do: we can't power America without coal, we can't keep our lights on without destroying Appalachia, and most important of all, we can't pass meaningful carbon legislation without wrecking the American economy.
This is why the false promise of "clean coal" is dangerous.
The goal is not to solve our problems, but to perpetuate our addiction. In one ad, the narrator even adopts the feel-good language of substance abuse and recovery: cleaning up coal is a "big challenge," he explains,"but we've made a commitment – a commitment to clean."
After decades of stoking the engines of denial and obfuscation on global warming, it's nice that Big Coal wants to be a good citizen. But just because your pusher decides to shower and shave, don't delude yourself into thinking that he cares about your welfare.
His real goal is to keep you hooked.
Like what you read? Vote for it on Digg.










use of anarchy
Ignorance
So MIT is not a reference of value?
Ignorance through fact, WTF?
Comment settings
Hi everyone - comment settings are being formatted right now, soon you will be able to submit a name, user profile etc (if you want) along with your comments.
But have at 'er in the meantime, just wanted to give you an update.
- Kevin
revised
Thanks for the thoughtful comments here. I've made a few revisions to the post to clean up typos, clarify argument, etc.
Thanks, Jeff
Jeff,
A few years back, some friends of mine from college and I read your book "Big Coal." Already seasoned student climate activists, we were struck by the immensity of the problem, and devised a plan to head to Billings, Montana, where there are a few new coal-fired power plants slated to be built. We were going to call ourselves the Powder River Basin Collective and run campaigns to stop those plants from being built.
Well, we brought our idea to our then professor, Bill McKibben, and he said something to the tune of "Well, this is a great idea, but you know what we really need? Strong federal policy." So, instead of going to Billings, we stayed in Vermont and organized Step It Up (http://stepitup07.org), which turned out to be a turning point in the US climate movement last year. Now 80% CO2 cuts by 2050, our mantra, is the baseline for a "climate" candidate.
We've recently taken our ideas global, with a new campaign called 350.org, focusing on the most recent science that says we have to reduce CO2 globally to 350 ppm, the only safe level.
But the coal issue is and continues to be near and dear to our hearts, thanks to the science, ABEC and ACCCE's astroturf campaigns (http://itsgettinghotinhere.org/2008/01/22/let-the-games-begin/) and your great writing.
Keep up the good work.
Phil
Appalachia devestation caused by coal
If you don't think coal AND the coal business is dirty, take a drive thru Eastern Kentucky and the rest of Appalachia. BIG COAL makes tons of money from the poorest counties in the poorest, least educated states in our nation. Think that's a coincidence? Wake up.
Billions of dollars of black gold are trucked out of those mountains!!
Check out this website (http://www.kftc.org/our-work/canary-project) for first-hand reports from people who are fighting to save the watershed of the entire Southeast, which also happens to be the ONLY mixed mesophytic forest in North America--the world's oldest and biologically richest temperate-zone hardwood system.
Every time I see one of these propaganda commercials about how CLEAN coal is, it turns my stomach. If you want to see more, just look up "mountaintop removal" on Google or YouTube. Get informed and take action!
Anthracite was supposed to be clean too
I came from Scranton, Pennsylvania, which sat on the largest seams of anthracite coal in the world. Scranton was mined to exhaustion by coal companies up until 1927 (literally up to within inches of folks' basements, until the Pennsylvania Supreme Court told the coal companies that "surface rights" did not give them license to destroy homes). The entire area was mined to exhaustion in 1959, when the Susquehanna River broke through a mine wall and flooded out the entire honeycomb of mines beneath Luzerne and Lackawanna Counties.
I like to call the Scranton area America's first great environmental disaster zone. Perhaps there's a theme park in there somewhere...kind of a time-elongated Chernobyl.
Rules of thumb from one who grew up there:
1. If a coal company says it, it's a lie.
2. If they say coal is clean, it isn't.
3. If they say you won't suffer, you will. (Just Google "black lung" for starters).
4. If nature stands in their way, nature will be destroyed.
5. If they say it's economically necessary, the money's leaving your area and never coming back.
6. If they say they'll clean it up and make it better, they won't.
FORESTS: the only SAFE & SANE method of "CARBON SEQUESTRATION"
We exhale the same amount of CO2 as we inhale oxygen.
Green plant life does just the opposite. IT REQUIRES
CO2 to "INHALE", and it then "EXHALES" OXYGEN!
OLD-FASHIONED FIRE EXTINGUISHING, TOGETHER WITH SANE CARE OF TREE DISEASES, IS ALL THE CARBON SEQUESTRATION THAT WE NEED: We once had truly "healthy Forests", before the
Kafka-esque tree-haters, or DENDROPHOBES, joined with the PYROMANIACS TO CREATE A CONSERVANCY FOR SMOKE!
IT'S A MAD DESIRE BY THE IGNORANT TO MAKE MONEY FROM SO-CALLED "CARBON EXCHANGES" that are going to destroy lur atmosphere!!!
THIS IS FAR MORE DESPARATE THAN ANYTHING HAPPENING ON WALL STREET. THINK ABOUT A LIFE WITH INSUFFICIENT OXYGEN, BUT ALL THE CAVES FILLED WITH CO2!
Sure no process is 100%
Sure no process is 100% "clean" but you really need to get more educated on advancements. Your arguments are way to slanted. Not to mention I am very sure every single one of us does not live 100% green. IT IS NOT JUST AN ADVERTISING SLOGAN! Please wake up and state more facts. I could have accepted what you said if you said it isn't "clean" but "cleaner" which is actually more the truth. Although clean is not a word that describes the exactly level of absent contaminants. I am sure you even say your house is clean when in fact there is always some dirt or dust to be found. Throw your weight behind a problem constructively and help the problems and we will get even better.
For this no commercial scale
For this no commercial scale examples exist. The FutureGen plant in illinois was to be the showcase for clean coal technology.The US averages 30 coal mining deaths annually, while China averages a staggering 8,000. Mountaintop removal mining, a method that is common in Appalachia, destroys ecosystems and has permanently buried over 1,200 miles of streams. Coal mining causes water pollution and lowers the quality of drinking water in neighboring
communities.So all should care about it.
Clean coal isn't an
Clean coal isn't an invention in itself, but there are minor inventions that do make the overall process cleaner, opposed to the "old way". But for the most part this is correct... just not exact.
Sad
Coal and Oil are obsolete
One of my favorite novels is
Where are you going to get it from?
clean coal tech
this is a incredible news
Rotten
So many
Special Report: The Myth of Global Warming
Post new comment